تجزیه و تحلیل صنعت تبدیل گاز طبیعی به مایعات هیدروکربوری )GTL( وب سایت مرکز مطالعات زنجیره ارزش در صنعت نفت و گاز رضا مهدوی پور خرداد 94
Definition of GTL Process Natural Gas Diesel (70%) Naphtha (25%) LPG, Lubes, Waxes (5%)
GAS-TO-LIQUIDS COMPLEX PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY First Process: Syngas Generation Step Second Process: Fischer- Tropsch Synthesis Step Third Process: Product upgrading Step Each process step has its own history that has converged to make F-T GTL feasible
History There are three modes of mass transport in which the energy or hydrocarbon content of natural gas can be transported over long distances to a user: 1. By pipeline. 2. As liquefied natural gas (LNG) in specialized ships. 3. By conversion at or near the wellhead to liquid or solid products (methanol, DME, F-T liquids, fertilizers) followed by ocean tankers.
History Large natural gas reserves, Clean fuels regulations, Rising oil prices, Energy security concerns, New technology developments have raised interest in Fischer-Tropsch gas-toliquids (GTL) processes
History Interest in Fischer-Tropsch GTL technologies has greatly depended on - Oil-natural gas price differentials - The perception of the size, - Depletion rate, - Lifetime of oil and gas reserves.
Commercial GTL Plants Sasol s ORYX-1 in Qatar (34,000 b/d) Shell s Pearl GTL plant in Qatar (140,000 b/d) Chevron s 34,000 b/d GTL plant at Escravos in Nigeria
First Commercial GTL Sasol s ORYX-1 in Qatar was completed in 2006, which did not achieve its nameplate production level of 34,000 b/d until late 2009. Costs rose from an initial estimate ($6 billion) of $950 million to $1.5 billion. The front-end engineering and design of the Oryx phase one GTL complex was carried out by Foster Wheeler Energy, UK. The engineering, procurement and construction contract was awarded to Technip-Coflexip of Italy. Oryx, a joint venture between Qatar Petroleum (51%) and Sasol of South Africa (49%)
Second Commercial GTL Shell s Pearl GTL plant in Qatar, the world s largest GTL project, with an ultimate capacity of 140,000 b/d and an estimated price tag of $10 12 billion. The project is a Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) between Qatar Petroleum and Shell. The proprietary Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (SMDS) process is at the heart of the two-train Pearl GTL plant. Developed over more than three decades, the process has been proven on a commercial scale at the 14,700- barrel-per-day Bintulu GTL plant in Malaysia, which began operation in 1993. http://www.shell.com/global/future-energy/natural-gas/gtl/process.html
Commercial GTL Plants in Qatar 248 Km
Commercial GTL Plants in Qatar
Commercial GTL Plant in Qatar
Commercial GTL Plants in Qatar
Shell Pearl GTL
Third Commercial GTL Chevron s 34,000 b/d GTL plant (EGTL) at Escravos in Nigeria will cost an estimated $10 billion and started up in 2014. The project was developed by Chevron Nigeria Limited (75%) and the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (15%). Sasol gained interest in the project early on, acquiring half of Chevron Nigeria's stake; however, due to increased cost and delays, Sasol reduced its stake to 10% in late 2008. The plant uses the Fischer-Tropsch process technology of Sasol and Chevron's ISOCRACKING technology.
Commercial GTL Plant in Nigeria
Commercial GTL Plant in Nigeria
Escravos GTL
Technology Evaluation of GTL
Commercial Status of GTL Technologies World Scale Small Scale 1. Sasol 2. Sasol Chevron 3. Shell 1. Syntroleum 2. Velocys 3. Compact GTL
F-T Reactor Characteristic (Sasol) CFB & SAS Reactors Iron Based Catalysts Cobalt Based Catalysts SSPD
SSPD Process of Sasol
SMDS Process of Shell
Key Features of Pearl GTL Downstream, dry gas will be used as feedstock for the onshore integrated GTL complex that will manufacture an additional 140,000 barrels per day of liquid hydrocarbon products. The Pearl GTL complex will consist of two 70,000 bpd GTL trains and associated facilities. The GTL plant consists of 24 F-T reactors, each holds tens of thousands of tubes containing a Shell proprietary catalyst. The contract to supply 8 ASU trains with a total oxygen capacity exceeding 30,000 ton/d for the Pearl GTL project in Qatar was awarded to Linde. The investment in Pearl GTL, which was originally estimated to be $5 billion in 2003, is reported to be between $18 and $19 billion now.
Small Scale GTL Technology (SMR Rector)
Small Scale GTL Technology (SMR Mechanism)
Small Scale GTL Technology (F-T Rector)
Small Scale GTL Technology (F-T Mechanism)
Business Model Generation توان تکنولوژیکی توان مالی تولید توان فروش توان توان بازاریابی Market Pull Techno Push Natural Gas Diesel (70%) Naphtha (25%) LPG, Lubes, Waxes (5%)
Fuel use progression Type Oil N. Gas Coal % 37 27 22
Ranking of countries (Natural Gas)
World Natural Gas Supply and Demand
ME Natural Gas Supply and Demand
Iran s new & exist refineries
ميليون ليتر در روز Gasoline Consumption 80 70 60 50 40 42.5 45.8 36.3 37.1 50.5 38.5 56.3 39.9 60.7 67 41.2 42.3 73.6 64.5 67 64.8 61.3 44.7 45.1 44.5 44.7 44.7 59.9 53.2 30 20 10 0 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 مصرف توليد
ميليون ليتر در روز Diesel Consumption 100 95 90 85 86.2 89.7 92.5 92.8 85 88.7 95.2 90.9 96.8 94.7 80 75 70 65 69.9 66.7 70.9 69.1 71.9 70.8 73.1 72 77 75 79.4 79.2 80.5 81.6 60 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 توليد مصرف
ميليون ليتر در روز LPG Consumption 13 12 11 11 11.4 11.9 11.8 11.5 11 11 11 11 12.3 12.2 11.1 10 9 8 8.3 8.3 8.8 8.6 8.4 8.2 8.3 8 8.1 8.4 8.7 9.2 7 6 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 توليد مصرف
میلیون لیتر در روز Import of Gasoline 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 5.3 7.8 10.4 15.1 22.7 24.8 27.5 19 20.6 20.97 10.34 6.32 واردات
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